Spanish Pronouns –
by Jon Aske|
subject and after entre menos, excepto y según |
after most prepositions (a,de,por, para, con, hasta, etc.) |
after preposition, reflexive |
direct object ("patient")§ |
indirect object ("recipient", "benefactive")§ |
reflexive object pronoun (direct or indirect) |
possessive short (before a noun) |
possessive long (after a noun and w/ no noun) |
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|
speaker |
yo |
mí* |
(+ mismo/a)† |
me |
mi |
mío/a/s |
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|
addressee (informal) |
tú |
tí* |
(+ mismo/a) † |
te |
tu |
tuyo/a/s |
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|
addressee (formal) |
usted |
si * (+ mismo/a/s) † |
lo/la |
le (‘se’)‡ |
se |
su |
suyo/a/s |
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|
other person |
él/ella |
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|
other persons |
ellos/ellas |
los/las |
les (‘se’) ‡ |
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|
addressees |
ustedes |
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|
addressees (informal, Spain) |
vosotros/as |
(+ mismos/as) † |
os |
vuestro/a/s |
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|
speaker + other |
nosotros/as |
(+ mismos/as) † |
nos |
nuestro/a/s |
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* After the preposition con: mi, ti, and si add the syllable -go: conmigo "with me", contigo "with you", consigo "with him(self)/her(self)/…"
† Mismo/a/s is typically added to reflexive objects of prepositions.
§ Indirect object pronouns, unlike direct object pronouns, are always used whether or not there is an indirect object noun phrase.
‡ Le and les become se when followed by a direct object pronoun (lo, la, los, las). Not to be confused with reflexive and 'passive' se.
Labeled example sentences:
|
Subject |
indirect object |
direct object |
verb |
direct object |
indirect object |
|
Yo |
‘se’ |
lo |
di |
(mi libro) |
(a mi madre) |
|
I |
to her |
it |
I.gave |
my book |
to my mother |
"I gave it/the book to her/my mother"
|
Subject |
direct object |
verb |
preposition |
refl. pronoun |
|
Ella |
lo |
compró |
para |
sí misma |
|
she |
it |
she.bought |
for |
helself |
"She bought it for herself"